I wanted to add a bit more context/info/explanation on Purple Teaming after publishing the Ruxcon slides as well as Facebook and Twitter interactions on that topic.
What is Purple Teaming?
Currently, there are as many definitions for Purple Teaming as there are talks and blog posts on the subject but I'm going to throw mine in as well.
Purple Teaming is "conducting focused pentesting (up to Red Teaming) with clear training objectives for the Blue Team."
The clear training objectives (aka a plan to eventually get caught) for the Blue Team is what differentiates Purple Teaming from typical Red Teaming. By its very nature, Red Teaming is making a HUGE attempt not to get caught. You are pulling out all the tips & tricks and big boy tools NOT to get caught. With Purple Teaming, you have a plan to create an alert or event in the event the Red Team is not detected by the Blue Team during the Red Team process so the Blue Team can test their signatures and alerting and execute their incident response policies and procedures.
It isn't a "can you get access to X" exercise it is a "train the Blue Team on X" exercise. The pentesting activities are a means to conduct realistic training.
A couple practical examples:
The Blue Team has created alerts to identify Sysinternals PsExec usage in the enterprise. The Red Team would at some point use PsExec to see if alerts fire off and the Blue Team can determine which hosts were accessed or pivoted from using PsExec. The Red Team could also make use of all the PsExec alternatives (winexe, msf psexec, impacket, etc) so the Blue Team could continue to refine and improve their monitoring and alerting.
Another scenario would be where the Blue Team manager feels like the team has a good handle on the Windows side of things but less so on the OSX/Linux side of the house. The manager could dictate to the Red Team that they should stay off Windows Infrastructure to identify gaps in host instrumentation and network coverage for *nix types hosts and also to force incident response on OSX or Linux hosts.
Another example could be to require the Red Team not to utilize freely available Remote Access Trojans such as Metasploit or powershell Empire. Instead they could ask that the Red Team purchase (or identify a consultancy that already uses) something like Core Impact or Immunity's Innuendo or find a consultancy that has their own custom backdoor to spice things up.
Thoughts?
Other Purple Teaming resources (in no particular order):
http://www.slideshare.net/beltface/hybrid-talk
http://www.slideshare.net/HaydnJohnson/purple-view-56169114
http://www.slideshare.net/denimgroup/b-sides-san-antonio-albert-campa-denim-group
http://www.slideshare.net/alienvault/security-by-collaboration-rethinking-red-teams-vs-blue-teams-cuispa-final-22015
https://files.sans.org/summit/hackfest2014/PDFs/Hacking%20to%20Get%20Caught%20-%20Raphael%20Mudge.pdf
Monday, March 21, 2016
Tuesday, March 15, 2016
APT Ransomware
Yesterday this article came out from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-ransomware-idUSKCN0WG2L5.
I thought it would be useful to make a post explaining the situation a little more in-depth.
Myself and several colleges (InGuardians, G-C Partners) have been engaged in related, high-impact incident response engagements over recent months.
We have been working together to correlate the results of several major investigations. At least three high-value corporations were hit by well-known APT actors over the holidays between December 2015 and January 2016. The targets in these attacks include:
Initially these recent incidents involved tactics that match previously seen APT style attacks, indicators of compromise, and tools, especially of a specific group. (We matched file hashes, typing patterns, source IPs / hostnames, etc.)
In the past the primary goals of these actors seemed to be collecting information from targets and maintaining access while evading detection. In these new cases however, the attackers attempted to manually deploy crypto ransomware across large swaths of victim computers in addition to the typical APT tools. This is unusual because in the experience of all three information security firms, crypto ransomware is typically installed opportunistically by malicious websites and drive-by downloads, not manually by an intruder. Also this behavior has always been seen related to criminal activities, not intelligence gathering by nation states.
Before these latest intrusions, active attackers mass installing crypto ransomware on major corporation computers had never been seen by any of the three companies performing the investigations. In the most recent occurrence the attacker made use of a much older breach to automatically deploy ransomware furthering changing the methods seen and used.
This is also unusual because it seems to be in contradiction to the motivations that have been seen in the past. Typically, the motivation behind installing crypto ransomware has been that lone actors or crime rings are using basic phishing tactics to extort relatively small amounts money from individuals or corporations. In contrast, the motivation for APT attacks have traditionally been considered to be nation state directed and focused on stealing valuable information without being detected. The dollar amounts targeted are in the millions.
THEORIES
We have come up with several theories:
In one case, the attackers used standard APT tools and techniques to attack laterally and gain access to domain controllers, then launch a GPO to push out the ransomware. Thankfully they made a small typo which caused it to fail. In another case they redirected monetary payments but, due to another small mistake, were caught before too much money was lost.
Due to confidentiality requirements with our clients, we can't post too many more details at this time, but will give updates as we can.
Attack Research, InGuardians, and G-C Partners are continuing to investigate the activity as it progresses. If you have seen similar activity and are willing to share details, please contact any of the three companies.
Val Smith
I thought it would be useful to make a post explaining the situation a little more in-depth.
Myself and several colleges (InGuardians, G-C Partners) have been engaged in related, high-impact incident response engagements over recent months.
We have been working together to correlate the results of several major investigations. At least three high-value corporations were hit by well-known APT actors over the holidays between December 2015 and January 2016. The targets in these attacks include:
- A Multi-national company from Southern California
- A Major business solutions provider on the East coast
- A Multi-national manufacturing business in the Southern US
Initially these recent incidents involved tactics that match previously seen APT style attacks, indicators of compromise, and tools, especially of a specific group. (We matched file hashes, typing patterns, source IPs / hostnames, etc.)
In the past the primary goals of these actors seemed to be collecting information from targets and maintaining access while evading detection. In these new cases however, the attackers attempted to manually deploy crypto ransomware across large swaths of victim computers in addition to the typical APT tools. This is unusual because in the experience of all three information security firms, crypto ransomware is typically installed opportunistically by malicious websites and drive-by downloads, not manually by an intruder. Also this behavior has always been seen related to criminal activities, not intelligence gathering by nation states.
Before these latest intrusions, active attackers mass installing crypto ransomware on major corporation computers had never been seen by any of the three companies performing the investigations. In the most recent occurrence the attacker made use of a much older breach to automatically deploy ransomware furthering changing the methods seen and used.
This is also unusual because it seems to be in contradiction to the motivations that have been seen in the past. Typically, the motivation behind installing crypto ransomware has been that lone actors or crime rings are using basic phishing tactics to extort relatively small amounts money from individuals or corporations. In contrast, the motivation for APT attacks have traditionally been considered to be nation state directed and focused on stealing valuable information without being detected. The dollar amounts targeted are in the millions.
THEORIES
We have come up with several theories:
- After the fallout from the OPM hack, the Chinese government officially backed off from its hacking operations against the US. Numerous individuals who were employed as civilian contractors are now essentially out of work, but still have access to targets and toolsets. These individuals have started employing crypto-ransomware in order to replace lost government income and continue hacking.
- This activity is either practice for, or the beginnings of a denial and disruption campaign against US companies. The actors don’t actually care about the money potential but rather are interested in the extensive disruption caused by the attacks.
- The activities and motivations of APT actors haven’t changed, but rogue elements within their groups are employing these tactics and reusing existing infrastructure in order to acquire supplemental income.
In one case, the attackers used standard APT tools and techniques to attack laterally and gain access to domain controllers, then launch a GPO to push out the ransomware. Thankfully they made a small typo which caused it to fail. In another case they redirected monetary payments but, due to another small mistake, were caught before too much money was lost.
Due to confidentiality requirements with our clients, we can't post too many more details at this time, but will give updates as we can.
Attack Research, InGuardians, and G-C Partners are continuing to investigate the activity as it progresses. If you have seen similar activity and are willing to share details, please contact any of the three companies.
Val Smith